The world is at the mercy of wars with experimental weapons

Drones and smart bombs

The unknown future of the world due to human selfishness

The scientific development that the world is witnessing today is beneficial for man, but it can be harmful to himself. During World Wars, the first and second, major powers countries developed weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological weapons, as well as, missiles of long-distance and mass destruction.

After the end of the cold war, it became necessary to rid of many accumulated weapons throughout the cold war period by testing their effectiveness on humanity. As a result, it orchestrated the Iranian-Iraqi, Iraqi-Kuwaiti wars, and the US-led coalition war against the Afghan, as well as the Bosnian-Serb and Kosovar-Albanian wars. During these wars, most conventional weapons were destroyed and many missiles and ammunition were disposed of, making way for the development of new weapons.

In recent years, most countries tended to manufacture and develop drones, as if these countries were inspired by the idea of these drones from the saying of the Almighty in Surah Al-Fil (And He sent on them birds, by volleys throwing clay rocks at them and it made them look like chewed straw. The drone does the same thing it bursts or throws a bomb at you, while you do not know where it came from, and so it makes you like chewed straw, so Praise be to Almighty God.

These drones were used in Afghanistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Azerbaijan, Somalia, Mali, Niger, Ethiopia, Palestine, and Israel. They are currently used in Ukraine on a large scale and in Russia even.

It should be noted that these drones are not monopolized by the developed countries only, but by emerging nations manufacturing these drones with high efficiencies, such as China, Turkey, Iran, and others.

This manufacturing acceleration of drones, high-speed missiles with mass destruction, and smart bombs makes the world unsafe and in an unknown future. In particular, competition to acquire natural resources will increase, especially among those in underdeveloped countries, which are powerless to preserve their natural resources. Inevitably, one day, there may be a confrontation between countries that each possess weapons of mass destruction, and then things will get out of their hands; they're so, they should be obliged to use them against each other.

War is a fire that begins with a small spark and devours the green and the dry, and war cannot be stopped easily. For this reason, people should avoid the causes that lead to wars and the tragedies of wars. The reasons that lead to the return of coups on the African continent

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Why did coups return to the African continent?

What are the reasons for returning coups in African Continent?

Why do African people support coups against elected presidents?

Several African countries, especially the Francophone, have witnessed military coups in recent years, especially in the year 2022, which makes people wonder about the reasons that lead to the return of coups, after thinking that these countries will be able to establish strong constitutional democratic systems.

After independence for more than 60 years, the majority of African countries have not been able to establish strong and viable constitutional institutions. While all of these countries have organized presidential and parliamentary elections in the past years. However, these elections were lacking of transparency and justice and were only able to form an army of sycophants and braggarts who hover around the elected president and share him with the plundering of the country's riches and stay betraying the opposition, as well as, fighting against those who express the different opinions about the ruling of the country. These benefactors spread the poison of division and exclusion in the president's ear, telling him that these people are collaborative opposition and are a danger to the country.

The majority of the elected regimes in Africa could not able to exploit the many natural resources of their countries. Rather remained dependent on foreign companies that always take the lion's share of the production revenues. In addition, these regimes never think about the fair distribution of the country's wealth to the citizens, but rather consider it as his and his family's property and give its crumbs to their cronies.

The majority of elected regimes in Africa are not caring about investing in the human resources of their people. As well as, never making vocational training capable of creating job opportunities for their citizens. Whereas, relied on foreign experts, leaving their youth in poverty and unemployment, without a promised future, while fueling tribal and regional strife inspired by the theory of divide to rule.

A new phenomenon has emerged in recent years, which is the phenomenon of youth revolutions and rebellion against regimes under the cover of jihad. One of the most important reasons for armed rebellion is the failure of elected regimes in African countries to create job opportunities to employ young people and give them a good future to form families and opportunities to participate in building the nation. The failure and incompetence of the dictatorial rulers force the youth to take up arms fighting against the beneficent ruling clique in many African countries.

It is not surprising that citizens support the coup against the president whom they elected after they saw him as a complete failure in ruling the country and managing its economic resources, where the prevailing was looting, plundering, and clinging to power.

It is well known that countries in which coups occur frequently, are failed states in the full sense of the word and do not have a promising future in the near future, because when the military tastes power, it will never leave it. Thegenerals in Africa are nothing but the generals of the presidential chairs

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Democratic Regression on the African Continent

The generals of the continent are a curse and a calamity for Africa

The generals in the countries of the continent are nothing than generals of the presidential chairs

Investing in human resources is the best way to achieve development

The African continent is witnessing a sharp decline in democratic processes and peaceful alternation of governance and this decline is controversial and fears for the future of the peoples in the continent.

Meanwhile, things began to stabilize in the countries of Latin America and the Asian continent! Here is Africa where military coups, armed groups and civil wars are common.

At the present time, there are four coups in African countries extending from the Ocean Atlantic to the Red Sea and on a straight line: Guinea, Mali, Chad and Sudan, which are failed states in the true sense of the word.

The question is: where is the misfortune of the African continent?

The answer that is closest to the mind is that the misfortune of the continent lies in the abundance of its natural resources, represented in the availability of all kinds of wealth from minerals, gas, oil, wood, fish, agricultural land, mild weather, animal wealth and other good things.

This wealth has turned into a curse and a calamity for the continent because many countries, especially the colonial ones, are returned back to the continent in order to take a portion of the cake.

Some of these interfering countries penetrate into the regimes and work to change them or implicate their leaders in dictatorial practices and administrative corruption in order to plunder the continent's wealth to its banks, leaving peoples in the continent below the poverty line.

The global intelligence has created armed movements, equipped with money, weapons and endowed with different titles and names that have fueled corruption, murder and destruction in the societies of the continent, as well as stirred up tribal and national strife in its population, this is in order to create opportunities for need of aid from greedy countries of the continent’s wealth.

The generals in the countries of the continent are nothing than generals of the presidential chairs and they are a tool in the hands of the colonial countries that usually instruct them to carry out a coup against every ruler who has become undesirable for those countries.

Therefore, the misfortune of the African continent lies in its natural resources and in its generals who are fond of money and the chair. See the advantages of naturalplants. 

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Advantages of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant;

The inner bark of the Anogeissus leiocarpa as human and livestock anthelmintic for treating worms, as a chewing stick and antibacterial properties, aphrodisiac and stimulant plant, to prevent and cure dental caries and toothache;

Edible uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant;

Medicinal uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant;

General Information of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant:

Anogeissus leiocarpa; African birch “Kojoli in Pulaar” is an evergreen shrub or small or medium to big sized tree with an open crown of gracefully drooping, pubescent branches; it can grow up to 15 meters, occasionally reaching 30 meters.

The straight, slightly grooved bole usually branches from low down, it can be up to 100 cm in diameter, a plant of African tropics, from lowland to moderate elevations, able to grow in semi arid to much moister areas.

A multipurpose tree that is very important to the local economy. It provides an edible gum, various medicinal uses and a range of other commodities, many of which are sold in local markets. The plant is highly esteemed as a source of dying material which is much used in traditional crafts in Africa.

The tree yields a valuable timber, known as 'Kane' in the trade, and so has been widely exploited commercially. It is often grown for its ornamental value and in drier regions becomes an effective shade tree. It flowers in the rainy season, from June to October, the seeds winged samaras are dispersed by ants.

Traditional uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant:

Anogeissus leiocarpa is one of plants used to make traditional mud clothe dyes; small branches with leaves are crushed to make one of the yellow dyes.

The inner bark of the tree is used as human and livestock anthelmintic for treating worms, and for treatment of a few protozoan diseases in animals, and babesiosis.

The inner bark is used also as a chewing stick in some countries and extracts of the bark show antibacterial properties.

Edible uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant:

An edible gum is obtained from the bark, fairly soluble in water, it is chewed and it is considered the best chewing gum substitute for gum Arabic.

A cold water infusion of the gum is considered a palatable beverage, and decoction is given to a new born baby to drink.

The fruit and the calyx are used in the preparation of sauces or to make a tea, as well as tender young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.

Medicinal uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant:

The bark as well as leaves and roots are all used in traditional medicine, usually in the form of decoctions or infusion; they have antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity.

Extracts of the stem and root bark, and of the leaves have shown antifungal activity against a number of pathogenic fungi.

A decoction of the leaves or leafy twigs is used against yellow fever, jaundice, different kinds of hepatitis, common cold and headache, externally, a leaf decoction is applied against hemorrhoids and skin diseases.

Other uses of Anogeissus leiocarpa plant:

The root bark is considered to be aphrodisiac and stimulant, in some regions the bark is used as febrifuge to lower temperature in hot lotions and infusions.

The powdered bark and bark decoction are used externally to treat wounds, eczema, psoriasis, anthrax, carbuncles, boils and several kinds of ulcers, the bark decoction is also known as a muscular tonic.

The bark and the exuding gum have shown to prevent and cure dental caries and toothache and are commonly used in Africa.

The gum obtained from the bark is laxative, it can be used in pharmacy as an emulsifying agent, and the bark itself is chewed to obtain the gum.

The fleshy roots are used against labor pains, the pulped roots are applied to sores to promote healing, and accelerate wound healing, and the seeds have a wide bactericidal and fungicidal activity in humans and animals.

The bark and roots are a source of tannins and dyes, the ash of the leaves, the bark and the wood are used as mordant to improve the fastness of many other dyes and in the indigo dying process to maintain the necessary alkaline PH.

The wood ash is used as a lye in washing clothes and as a basis for making soap; the damaged bark exudes a partially soluble gum. See the impacts of climate change.

The Main Aim◄►Health For All ☼ Clean Environment

The Anogeissus leiocarpa plant

Impacts of climate change;

Increased heat stress can affect milk yield and herd fertility of dairy animals, soil erosion by wind and water represents an economic cost to agriculture, severe rainfall can lead to surface runoff, trees can reduce soil and water movement;

Erosion reduces the long term fertility of the soil;

Drought and water conservation;

The last fifty years has seen increasing average temperature, and decreasing rainfall in many places in the world, the consequences are spreading out of droughts, which lead to reduction in pasture and crop yields, as the result water is over abstracted in large areas, whilst climate change scenarios predict this will get worse.

Rising temperature will increase heat stress to livestock, and periods of drought during the growing season could lead to poor crop germination, reduced growth rates of pasture and low yields, even where irrigation is available, pressure to maintain domestic water supplies should be restricted; therefore such irrigation water that is available will need to be used efficiently.

Crop selection, plant breeding, good husbandry and improved irrigation systems will all play a part in addressing the problems caused by increasing frequency of drought, but shelter for pasture and crops can also be an important factor.

Despite the predicted drop in total seasonal rainfall, it is tending to come in heavier downpours, which always make great impact on surface water flooding, soil erosion, nutrient loss and subsequently for pollution of water courses and the risk of flash floods.

Drought and water conservation:

Water is lost from pasture and crops through a combination of evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration, as water vapor is lost from plants through leaf surface.

When evapotranspiration occurs, humidity levels increase around the soil or leaf surface, as the air becomes saturated the process slows down, unless water vapor is removed.

Faster wind speeds will transfer larger amounts of dry air over the soil or leaf surface and therefore remove saturated air more quickly, increasing evapotranspiration rates.

When levels of available soil water drop below a certain value the crop becomes water stressed, and the lack of water results in a reduction in transpiration and ultimately yield. See Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant.

Shelter and shed for livestock:

Farm animals are vulnerable to increased temperatures, for livestock solar radiation affects feed intake, reproductive performance and susceptibility to disease.

Increased heat stress can affect milk yield and herd fertility of dairy animals, there is number of strategies that can be used to reduce the impact high temperatures on animals, including sprinkler systems and provision of shade.

Shade can be provided by planting native deciduous trees in field or in hedgerows that will protect animals from solar radiation, and also the trees reduce the ambient air temperature beneath the canopy as a result of the evaporation through the leaf surfaces, shelter also is an important factor in reducing the impact of cold weather.

Effects of shelter:

Shelterbelts modify the microclimate by reducing wind speeds and increasing daytime temperatures, lower wind speeds, increase the level of humidity around the plant surface, slowing evapotranspiration water loss.

Pasture and crops protected by shelter will have increased photosynthesis rates and increased water use efficiency.

Soil erosion, water quality and flooding:

Soil erosion by wind and water represents an economic cost to agriculture; soil type, slope, and farming practice all of this impact on the risk of soil erosion.

Climate change and predicted increase in frequency of severe weather events is likely to magnify the impact on the soil.

Erosion can reduce the long term fertility of the soil by removing nutrient rich topsoil and organic matter, and can affect water infiltration and increase runoff, as well leading to loss of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

Runoff:

Severe rainfall can lead to surface runoff, as well as the impact on the farm; this leads to sedimentation and contamination of stream, and other water bodies, damaging fisheries and wildlife, increasing water treatment costs.

Timing and type of cultivations, crop selection, siting of cattle feeders and water troughs, and location of manure heaps can affect the likelihood of runoff and contamination of water courses.

Trees can reduce soil and water movement by increasing water infiltration rates and slowing the flow of transported sediments, and by trapping pollutants bound to soil particles, trees can help reduce water pollution, acting as nutrient sinks.

Wind erosion:

Wind erosion tends to affect more limited areas and happen less frequently than water erosion, but when it does occur it can be severe.

On vulnerable soils, wind erosion can cause loss of topsoil, seeds, fertilizers, and agrochemicals, and cause damage to ditches and water courses, and drier parts of the country are particularly susceptible. 

Because of droughts

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The advantages of Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant;

Blepharis linariifolia Pers distribution, Blepharis linariifolia Pers as edible herb plant, Blepharis linariifolia Pers and its medicinal uses, Blepharis has multiple useful for both animals and human, principal driving forces behind the dynamics of Sahelian;

The uses of Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant;

Information about Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant;

Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant “Guirngal in Pular” is an herbaceous species of plant in the family Acanthaceae, with a self-supporting growth habit; it has simple, broad leaves.

The plant characterizes as low-growing wiry herb with prickly bracts, it is gathered from the wild for local use as food, medicine and craftwork, as well as grazed by all stocks, and is particularly relished by cattle.

Blepharis linariifolia Pers is an annual herb widely distributed in many African countries, especially in the mainly drier areas from Mauritania to Sudan, and is also widely found across Arabia and India.

Traditional uses of Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant:

Blepharis linariifolia Pers is an edible herb plant consumed by human and ruminants; numerous ethno medicinal uses have been reported for Blepharis plant among African, such as for healing skin burns and wounds, alleviating chest pain, and in treatment of urogenital infections.

In addition, the tisane of Blepharis linariifolia Pers is occasionally prescribed as a remedy for syphilis; the plant infusion is used as a general tonic, and for the treatment of stomach pain and bilharzias; moreover, the water extract of the fruit is used for urinary disorders and kidney stones.

All parts of the plant are useful, the seeds are for food, whole plant is as medicine for venereal diseases, the plant can be grown as horticultural plant to provide good fodder for animals in dry season.

 Threatening of Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant:

Blepharis linariifolia Pers plant was plentiful in Mauritania but it is entirely disappeared from the country because of severe droughts and overgrazing.

Blepharis has multiple useful uses for both animals and human, therefore people were always looking areas where this plant is abundant to graze their cattle and other domesticated animals; fortunately, Blepharis plant can be grown in fenced and irrigated areas, so it yields grains as seeds, these seeds cane be sown again to produce stalk forage that contain grains.  

The forage will be used as haystacks for animals; some seeds will be sown or distributed to large fenced areas in order to grow during the rainy season; furthermore grains will be thrown in conserved areas during the beginning of rainy season, so that the grains will grow and mature through two to three months.

Many villages in the countryside of Mauritania have large fences near their habitats to conserve herbs for livestock, therefore when they have been taught on how to sow the grains of Blepharis species to their fences, they will accept particularly, the produced haystacks from the plant are in high nutritional value, besides to that Blepharis plant is a milky plant that increases milk of lactating animals.

Blepharis linariifolia species grows in thick clusters and so the plant makes good habitats for other small creatures and fixes nitrogen to the earth.

Pasture dynamic and the availability of forage in the Sahel:

Forage is an almost uncontrolled factor in the cattle raising systems of the Sahel zones; its availability varies widely throughout a year to year.

The principal driving forces behind the dynamics of the Sahelian rangelands are the weather, grazing and bushfires; these factors together, with the substrate, determine the distribution of plant species in relation to their properties.

The most important plant properties seem to be the rate and the heterogeneity of germination, the photosynthetic pathway and the length of the period of growth before flowering; it is suggested how the knowledge about pasture dynamic can be used in rangeland evaluation in the Sahel; see how human destructing the globe.

Blepharis linariifolia Pers / Guirngal

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Globe destruction by the human being;

Causes of futile wars, types of deadly weapons, the possibility of automatic exploding of nuclear weapons, no escape from mass destruction weapons, causes of extremism and terrorism, the environment does not return what a person spoiled, disintegration of the global rocks in response to human desires.

Air congestion with satellites and industrial vehicles;

Human is the first player to destroy the globe;

The end of the globe may be “by the will of God and his ability” in the hands of the man, whom God made his successor in the earth, and he commanded the honorable angels to prostrate to him, so they worshiped, but the devil saying I’m better than him, you created me from fire and created him from clay, so he does not deserve to worship him, because he will shed blood and bring corruption to the earth.

The absurd wars:

The absurd wars; in which man has been preoccupied with in the world since ancient times until now with the weapons, that who continues to develop and multiply, and his desire to monopolize them exclusively, injustice, unfair, oppression, selfishness, a love of control and domination by the stronger against the weaker makes the world today in its most dangerous and insecure stages, Where to escape?

Competition to armament:

Competition and race to possess the latest and most deadly weapons in all their forms, including germ, biological, chemical, nuclear, possibly super nuclear, and tanks, rocket launchers, submarines, planes, and drones or distant controlled objects  by people who may be drunk with alcohol or drugs, making the world today insecure and the future is not guaranteed.

The massive explosion in armories:

Arms makers manufacture weapons, some of which are called weapons of mass destruction that is no one can be escaped, including nuclear, chemical, bacteriological, and biological weapons, and they accumulate them in underground and aboveground stores, in water, and perhaps in the air. But with the passage of time, these weapons may degrade and disintegrate spontaneously, resulting in a massive uncontrolled explosion. What happened in Chernobyl in Ukraine, and Fukushima in Japan is an evidence of the possibility of something greater than that may happen, not to forget the possibility of the extremist groups and terrorists accessing dangerous weapon’s stores and using them against all of humanity.

Extremism and international terrorism:

Authoritarian regimes, unqualified rulers, material hunger, and controlling of all sources of good in the country by a few fawning class, and proxy wars, all of these attributes lead to creating appropriate environmental conditions for the emergence of extremist and terrorist groups in developing countries; in addition to the international terrorism created by the major countries in order to create justifications for interfering in the affairs of the powerless, and underdeveloped countries. See the reasons leading to mass exoduses.

Competition for economic resources:

Natural economic resources are limited and in continuous decline, most of them, if implemented will not return. The race to possessing the largest amount of them may lead to collision between countries and companies, so that can trigger the futile wars in which deadly weapons may be used, because wars always start with simple matters and end up with no required consequences.

Environmental degradation by human:

In the past there were always natural environmental disasters and after a period of time the situation returns to normal because the natural environment repairs itself with the passage of time, but things have changed after the human being became the first player of destroying the environment, as the environment cannot repair what is corrupted by man, therefore man must reform what he has corrupted, the examples of environmental degradation in the hand of man are countless, including:

● Air congestion with satellites and industrial vehicles, these equipments are tossed continuously into the atmosphere surrounding the globe, then turns into a cosmic object that floats in space and has a life span, but someday life expires, its parts permeate and disintegrate and fall on the heads of the inhabitants of the globe causing unknown size of damages, may be some great disasters.

● Searching for natural resources, such as minerals, oil, and gas, the mineral search has gone beyond the familiar; the exploration vehicles go through all lands, the ships navigate the seas and oceans in search of oil, gas and minerals of various types, pouring toxic substances into the water and lands, causing more environmental pollution in the air, the lands, and in the water. It kills fish and other aquatic organisms, and causes droughts, catastrophic floods and devastating hurricanes.

●Dismantling the rocks, search for oil and gas reached man to the point of dismantling and fragmenting the rocks that held the globe from vanishing, in order to extract oil and gases. These fluids and gases in the rocks were working on the natural balance of the globe. But man for his material desires destroys all of these without thinking that with these actions the globe may disintegrate and split to fragments in the universe.

Food shortages:

Agricultural lands throughout the world are limited and severely diminishing, given that the soil suitable for cultivation is diminishing day by day due to the process of erosion and dredging it to the depths of the seas and oceans by winds, hurricanes, torrents and floods; and fish wealth is in its worst condition due to overexploitation and excessive destruction of fish environments with pollutants and equipment for mineral research, this predicts that major famines may occur in the future, so that effective solutions must be sought now and not any longer. See the benefits of the Commiphora africanaplant.

The Main Aim◄►Health For All ☼ Clean Environment